Category: Asia

  • Mahathir’s Shadow: Analyzing the Allegations Against Daim Zainuddin in Malaysia’s Corruption Crackdown

    Mahathir’s Shadow: Analyzing the Allegations Against Daim Zainuddin in Malaysia’s Corruption Crackdown

    In the wake of the Pandora Papers revelation, Malaysia is vigorously conducting multiple high-profile investigations. Despite the government’s stance against corruption, Political analysts highlight the long-standing political rivalry between Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim and Mahathir Mohammed as the key driving force behind these ongoing probes. The emphasis on Daim Zinuddin, the politician’s closest associate, and Mirzan, Mahathir’s eldest son, underscores the significant impact of this entrenched political feud on the investigations.

    Anwar Ibrahim, Daim Zainuddin, and Mahathir Mohammed were formerly affiliated within the Umno Party. Despite their prior association, Daim sided with Mahathir when Anwar was ousted from his position as deputy prime minister in 1998, leading to Anwar’s incarceration on corruption and sodomy charges during Mahathir’s tenure. The present prime minister and his supporters currently challenge these allegations, asserting their inaccuracy. This has spawned an enduring conflict that continues to influence Malaysian politics.

    Financial information leaked by the Pandora Papers names Daim, his wife Naimah, and their two sons as recipients of US$52.5 million in trust-owned assets, including properties in the US and the UK. Last Thursday, the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) declared that investigations, which were started in August 2022, cover every entity mentioned in the Pandora Papers as well as those listed in the 2016 Panama Papers leak. Anti-corruption agents recently took over a building owned by Daim’s family as part of their investigation.

    In response to the MACC investigation, Daim mounted a legal challenge, vehemently denying any wrongdoing and asserting that his wealth was acquired through legitimate business activities predating his entry into politics. His affidavit argued that had he remained solely in business without actively expanding his assets, the value of his liquid stock holdings alone would now surpass 50 billion ringgit (US$10.5 billion). Following his wife’s charges, it is anticipated that Daim will be the next individual to face trial.

    Naimah Abdul Khalid, the spouse of Daim Zainuddin, openly criticized Malaysia’s Prime Minister, Anwar Ibrahim, on Tuesday. Speaking to reporters at the Kuala Lumpur court, Naimah contended that Anwar was using the corruption crackdown as a guise to settle scores with political adversaries. Accused of manipulating the country’s anti-corruption agency and top prosecutor for a political vendetta, she underscored the transient nature of power, cautioning Anwar that those who misuse it will face consequences. Naimah made these statements after being charged with failing to disclose her assets as part of the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission’s (MACC) investigation into her family’s wealth. Naimah stands as the first individual to face charges in connection with the corruption crackdown.

    Mahathir has also characterized the ongoing investigations as selective persecution, even suggesting that the MACC overlooked allegations from 1999, accusing Anwar of concealing substantial sums in various accounts. In response, the MACC refuted Mahathir’s claims on Wednesday, asserting that a thorough investigation was initiated during his prime ministership, and there is no case against Anwar. 

    The MACC has expanded its investigation to include Mahathir’s eldest son, Mirzan, scrutinizing his involvement in the sale and purchase of government-linked companies and information disclosed in the Panama Papers. Mirzan, aged 66, who possesses stakes in the Philippine energy company Petron and its parent firm San Miguel, has been instructed to disclose his assets to the MACC by mid-February.

    The enduring political feud between Mahathir and Anwar is evidently a significant driving force behind the recent investigations. The Pandora Papers have presented Anwar with an opportunity, and he is strategically leveraging it, whether perceived positively or negatively in the political arena. However, from an anti-corruption perspective, these investigations offer hope for a country grappling with severe corruption.

  • Navigating Legal Hurdles: Pita Limjaroenrat’s Resilience Leads to Parliament Return

    Navigating Legal Hurdles: Pita Limjaroenrat’s Resilience Leads to Parliament Return

    The electoral success of Pita’s progressive Move Forward party in the previous year underscored a notable yearning for change among Thai voters following nearly a decade of military-controlled rule. Despite this victory, Pita encountered obstacles, being denied the role of prime minister and facing multiple charges that jeopardized his parliamentary position. 

    In a ruling issued on Wednesday, Thailand’s Constitutional Court concluded that Pita Limjaroenrat, despite being prevented from assuming the role of prime minister, did not breach election laws and is entitled to retain his parliamentary seat. The suspension from the legislature had stemmed from accusations of violating the law by owning shares in a media company. However, the court accepted Pita’s argument that ITV was not actively involved in media operations. Electoral rules explicitly prohibit political candidates from holding shares in any media company during the registration for an election.

    In a noteworthy legal development, a panel of nine judges ruled 8-1 in favor of Pita Limjaroenrat on Wednesday. The court determined that Pita’s ownership of shares in ITV, a company connected to a defunct independent television station, did not violate Article 98 of the constitution since ITV was not engaged in media businesses. Consequently, Pita’s parliamentary status remained unaffected. Expressing his satisfaction, Pita declared, “I’m happy and will continue working as planned” following the verdict.

    Outside the court, approximately 40 supporters, holding signs and flowers, enthusiastically cheered for Pita as he emerged. Jiraporn Bussawaket, a 76-year-old supporter, remarked, “There is justice for the people. Initially, I didn’t trust the court, but now I see justice.” However, Pita still confronts another legal challenge scheduled for January 31. In this case, he and his party are accused of attempting to undermine Thailand’s government system by proposing an amendment to the law prohibiting defamation of the royal family, known as lese-majeste. This law carries a severe penalty of up to 15 years in prison and is often criticized as a political weapon. Given the monarchy’s significant role in Thai identity, any proposed amendments to related laws are deemed sensitive.

    Since 2020, more than 260 individuals, including children, have been subjected to prosecution under the lese-majeste law. This surge in legal actions has primarily occurred in the backdrop of youth-led protests advocating for comprehensive reforms to the monarchy, with a particular focus on abolishing the lese-majesty law. In a recent development, an individual received a 50-year prison sentence for criticizing the monarchy, marking the most extended sentence for this offence, as reported by Thai Lawyers for Human Rights.

    The precursor to the Move Forward Party, the Future Forward Party, faced dissolution through a constitutional court ruling in 2020 due to violations of funding rules. Furthermore, its former leader, Thanathorn Juangroongruangkit, was disqualified as a Member of Parliament for holding shares in a media company—a case he argued was politically motivated.

    Critics contend that these legal challenges against Pita Limjaroenrat and his party reflect tactics employed by the ruling conservative establishment. The approach involves sidelining political rivals through legal proceedings and nominally independent state agencies. The Move Forward Party’s forerunner, the Future Forward Party, encountered dissolution through a Constitutional Court ruling in 2020, reinforcing concerns about the politicization of legal processes.

    Pita, alongside the Move Forward Party, is currently confronting an additional complaint that alleges their intention to amend lese-majesty—a law prohibiting criticism of the royal family—is perceived as an effort to undermine the constitutional monarchy. The court is slated to announce its verdict in this case next week. If the ruling goes unfavorably for Move Forward, the party may be directed to abandon its commitment to altering the law.

    When questioned about his sentiments leading up to the impending verdict on January 31, Pita expressed confidence, highlighting the factual and legal foundation of their case. Move Forward’s advocacy for reforming lese-majesty played a pivotal role in the military-appointed senate’s decision to thwart Pita’s candidacy for the prime minister’s position last year, ultimately leading his party into the opposition.

    Despite encountering challenges, Pita Limjaroenrat and the Move Forward Party persist in retaining strong public backing. Their supporters condemn the legal cases as tactics orchestrated by the establishment to undermine political opposition. Eager to resume parliamentary duties at the earliest opportunity, Pita expressed the need for official permission. He reaffirmed his dedication to serving the people and outlined immediate plans, including a press conference to discuss Move Forward’s future agenda. Pita shared these details with reporters, underscoring his unwavering commitment to the public.

  • Malaysian Resolve: Standing Strong in Support of Palestine’s Full Membership

    Malaysian Resolve: Standing Strong in Support of Palestine’s Full Membership

    As a predominantly Muslim nation, Malaysia consistently upholds its unwavering support for Palestine, especially at a time when some Arab countries are reconsidering their stance. Despite wavering support from other Arab nations, Malaysia stands firmly with Palestine and condemns Israel’s attacks on Gaza.

    Foreign Minister Datuk Seri Mohamad Hasan expressed Malaysia’s aspiration for Palestine’s full membership in the United Nations (UN) and called for a ceasefire during a meeting with UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres. Prime Minister Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim echoed this sentiment, aligning it with Guterres’ statement at the Non-Aligned Movement Summit in Kampala, Uganda, which affirmed the Palestinians’ right to establish an independent state.

    In a Facebook post, Prime Minister Anwar stressed the importance of restoring rightful rights to deserving individuals, emphasizing that peace relies on ending oppression, violence, and the denial of rights. He cautioned against the proliferation of apartheid policies, foreseeing an insecure future if such injustice persists.

    Anwar Ibrahim restated Malaysia’s stance on principle, reaffirming the Palestinians’ right to an autonomous state based on borders from before 1967, with East Jerusalem serving as its capital. Foreign Minister Mohamad Hasan called for responsibility for Israel’s blatant transgressions of international law in Gaza during the UN Security Council Open Debate on The Situation in the Middle East, including the Palestinian Question.

    The credibility of international law is undermined and efforts to put an end to Israel’s illegal occupation of Palestine are impeded, as Mohamad emphasized, by the absence of accountability for its acts. Malaysia is unwavering in its support of justice and the Palestinian people’s rights.

    Mohamad highlighted Malaysia’s unwavering commitment to upholding international law and defending the rights of the oppressed. He disclosed that Malaysia, in collaboration with 56 other countries, submitted a written statement to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on July 23, 2023, addressing the legal consequences of Israel’s ongoing violations in Palestinian territory. Additionally, he announced Malaysia’s active participation in the forthcoming public hearing scheduled for February 19.

    Asserting Malaysia’s resolute opposition to any reduction in Palestinian territory, Mohamad argued that such attempts contravene international law and hinder the prospects of peaceful coexistence. He criticized the Security Council’s failure to call for a ceasefire, attributing it to over a hundred days of continuous violence and suffering in Gaza.

    Expressing dismay over Israel’s indiscriminate bombing, targeting homes, shelters, evacuation routes, and medical centers, Mohamad presented alarming statistics on Palestinian casualties. He urged the Security Council to recognize Israel’s actions as genocide and advocated for the acceptance of the State of Palestine as a full member of the United Nations.

    Mohamad called for an immediate ceasefire, condemned the forced displacement of Palestinians, and reaffirmed Malaysia’s commitment to utilizing all available means and rights to end the ongoing injustice and illegality. He urged the international community to prioritize providing essential amenities for the Palestinian people, emphasizing that access to basic services is a fundamental human right that must not be compromised. In conclusion, he condemned Israel’s collective punishment of Gaza’s entire population, branding it as illegal, immoral, and in urgent need of cessation.

    Israel has been carrying out a deadly war on the Gaza Strip since October. At least 24,000 Palestinians (including over 10,000 children) have died, over 60,000 have been injured, and 7,000 are missing under debris, according to the Gaza Health Ministry. Since the war started, there have been over 90,000 casualties overall, which represents a sizable portion of Gaza’s 2.3 million population. 

    “The occupation by Israel has to stop. In addition to being unacceptable, Israel’s rejection of the two-state solution in the face of significant international pressure indirectly prolongs the conflict, according to Guterres. He raised doubts about the feasibility of a one-state solution, pointing out that a sizable portion of the Palestinian population would be denied freedom, rights, and dignity in such a system. Guterres reiterated that the only way to satisfy the justifiable hopes of both Israelis and Palestinians is to achieve a two-state solution. 

    For Muslim Majority states, Palestine is a significant issue, symbolizing solidarity within the Islamic world. In democratic Islamic nations like Malaysia, it plays a crucial role in shaping people’s support in elections. Neighboring Indonesia too, exhibiting increased assertiveness on the Palestine issue, garners backing from the Muslim world. Despite close economic ties with Western nations, Despite increased business with the US, Malaysia stands firm in its stance, unwavering in its support for Palestine.

  • Strategic Alliances: German President Lands in Hanoi, Vietnam Poised for Global Production Role

    Strategic Alliances: German President Lands in Hanoi, Vietnam Poised for Global Production Role

    As Geopolitical Tensions Rise in Asia, Vietnam Gains Prominence as Europe’s Alternative to China. With China taking assertive positions in the South China Sea, Taiwan, and facing escalating tensions with the United States, relationships between China and the West, including Europe, have become strained. Nevertheless, propelled by the Western demand for cost-effective labor and production, Vietnam is steadily emerging as the new focal point.

    The West, seeking economical alternatives without disrupting global logistics routes significantly, views Vietnam as the new China. This shift is evident in the numerous bilateral talks and agreements between lawmakers from Vietnam and Europe. The recent visit of German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier to Indonesia further underlines this trend. The German President’s first foreign visit in 2024 is a crucial event in the first high-level exchange between the two countries this year. 

    During his visit, President Steinmeier is slated to engage in discussions with Việt Nam’s top leaders, focusing on strategies to enhance bilateral cooperation across various sectors. Additionally, he plans to tour German projects in Ho Chi Minh City and its environs, showcasing the evolving ties between the two nations.

    At the same time, Prime Minister Phạm Minh Chính concluded a significant European tour focused on trade talks with various European leaders. Over two days in Davos, he participated in more than 30 activities, including the World Economic Forum’s (WEF) Country Strategic Dialogue on Việt Nam and discussions about Việt Nam’s global vision. Prime Minister Chính, accompanied by his spouse and a high-ranking Vietnamese delegation, returned to Hà Nội on the same day that the German President arrived in the city.

    He took part in official visits to Hungary and Romania, leaving a lasting impression on participants. These events showcased Vietnam’s impressive socio-economic accomplishments, development strategies, dedication to independence and self-reliance, and responsible contributions to regional and global peace and development. His activities during the visits were diverse, including delivering policy speeches at universities, actively participating in business forums, holding meetings with friendship associations connecting Hungary, Romania, and Vietnam, engaging with Vietnamese communities, and touring economic and scientific-technical establishments. Both sides committed to enhancing collaboration across various sectors, positioning Vietnam as a bridge connecting Hungary and Romania with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Additionally, Hungary and Romania expressed their readiness to facilitate connections between Vietnam and Europe.

    These official visits represented significant milestones in the Việt Nam-Hungary comprehensive partnership and the Việt Nam-Romania traditional and friendly partnership. 

    During discussions with the Romanian Prime Minister, plans were outlined to facilitate infrastructure collaboration with Vietnamese ports, promoting transport growth. There was a commitment to double trade exchanges to EUR€1 billion in the coming years. The Romanian Prime Minister expressed the intention to encourage major Romanian companies in the gas and electricity sectors to establish partnerships with Vietnamese counterparts. He identified agriculture and the pharmaceutical industry as two strategic cooperation areas and proposed the implementation of pilot projects for investment in aquaculture, leveraging Việt Nam’s considerable experience in the field. Additionally, gratitude was expressed for Việt Nam’s donation of 10,000 doses of African swine fever vaccine during the visit, with a desire for collaboration in technology transfer and investment in vaccine production for the European market.

    Việt Nam and the European countries also agreed to fully implement the EU-Việt Nam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) and persuade the remainders to ratify the EU-Việt Nam Investment Protection Agreement (EVIPA). A number of cooperation documents in multiple fields were signed during the visits, including nearly 30 on cooperation in education – training between Vietnamese universities and training institutions of the two countries.

    Vietnam’s increasing proximity to Europe has drawn China’s attention, and the Chinese government has responded strategically. In an effort to improve ties with the neighboring communist nation while Hanoi expands its diplomatic ties with the West, President Xi Jinping recently paid his first state visit to Vietnam in six years. During his visit, Xi plans to hold talks with Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh, President Vo Van Thuong, and Communist Party General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong in order to strengthen bilateral relations. After that, the two nations continued to negotiate 37 agreements on various subjects, including trade and the advancement of cross-border rail. Furthermore, they chose to carry out joint patrols in the Tonkin Gulf, emphasizing their strategic alliance. 

    Following closely on the heels of United States President Joe Biden’s recent visit to Vietnam, this event underscores the competition among major powers for influence in the Southeast Asian nation. Vietnam has consistently adhered to a diplomatic approach known as ‘bamboo diplomacy,’ aiming to foster positive relations with both China and the United States. Despite expressing concerns alongside the U.S. regarding Beijing’s assertiveness in the South China Sea, Vietnam acknowledges the political commonality and strong economic ties it shares with China. However, Vietnam is strategically positioning itself for economic growth and regional prominence in East Asia.

    In anticipation of increased business from Europe and the United States, Vietnam’s proactive efforts are evident through the swift visits by global powers and the corresponding investments and security assurances provided by each. These unfolding developments highlight Vietnam’s ambition to emerge as a robust economy and a key player in East Asia. With sustained investments and security commitments, Vietnam is poised for significant development, solidifying its status as the emerging economic powerhouse in the region. It seems that Europe has found its new China in Vietnam.

  • A Pause in Myanmar’s Civil War: Examining the Ceasefire Stability

    A Pause in Myanmar’s Civil War: Examining the Ceasefire Stability

    A temporary pause has been introduced in the ongoing Myanmar Civil War, a conflict between the Junta and the Three Brotherhood Alliance, which consists of three significant ethnic armies united against Myanmar’s military government. China has taken on a mediating role to broker a truce, aiming to bring an end to months of conflict in northern Myanmar that has displaced approximately half a million people. The announcement of a ceasefire by Myanmar’s military and the alliance of armed ethnic minority groups marks a significant development, posing a substantial challenge to the junta in power since 2021.

    The Three Brotherhood Alliance is composed of ethnic armed groups, including the Arakan Army, the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), and the Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA). Their progress has been noteworthy. On October 27, around 10,000 alliance fighters launched coordinated, large-scale assaults on military, police, and government-allied militia locations across Shan state. Over 100 military posts were captured as the military retreated, leaving behind substantial weaponry and ammunition.

    Major towns on the China border, such as Chin Shwe Haw and Mong Ko, have fallen to the alliance. Additionally, the alliance claims to have taken control of Hpawng Hseng, Pang Hseng, and Hsenwi villages. Rebel attacks have targeted Lashio, the largest town in Shan, while bridges and highways connecting Myanmar to China have been destroyed. The ongoing offensive, known as “Operation 1027,” has injected renewed momentum into the armed campaign to restore democracy in Myanmar.

    In response, the military has forcefully engaged anti-coup forces, utilizing indiscriminate air raids, deploying ground troops, and causing significant casualties among newly formed resistance cells. The military’s actions, guided by the longstanding “four cuts” policy, spared no targets, including schools, hospitals, and displacement camps. This policy aims to deprive resistance groups of essential resources such as food, funds, intelligence, and recruits by targeting their civilian support base.

    Therefore, the ceasefire is an imperative need for both conflicting parties and China. The alliance, which consistently advocates for the restoration of democracy in the state, has successfully seized strategic towns and border hubs in Myanmar’s northern Shan state. These areas are vital for trade with China, a crucial supporter and arms supplier to the military. However, China’s relationship with the Myanmar junta has experienced recent strains, primarily due to the junta’s inability to suppress online scam operations targeting Chinese citizens, as asserted by Beijing.

    Since November, residents have been fleeing Laukkai town, located in a district bordering China, which was under the control of a militia aligned with the Myanmar military. Laukkai had gained notoriety for activities such as gambling, prostitution, and online scams carried out in compounds where thousands, many of whom were trafficked, were employed. Reports of shells falling on the border have raised concerns about potential escalation, possibly drawing India into the conflict. India is already grappling with an increased influx of refugees from Myanmar, with the bordering state of Mizoram seeking assistance from the central government, as the number of Myanmar’s Army personnel entering Mizoram since November 13 has reached 636.

    In spite of a recent ceasefire, conflicts persist in northern Myanmar. Analysts posit that troops on both sides may be unaware of the ceasefire due to communication gaps, heightening the risk of misunderstandings that could lead to the collapse of the ceasefire. If the situation does not escalate with China’s mediation, there could be further disruptions in India’s involvement. Given the strained relations between the two countries in recent years, a political tug of war remains a possibility. Myanmar traditionally has political ties with India, but China possesses significant strategic interests in Myanmar, serving as the most direct route to the Indian Ocean without interference from India. The ceasefire, nevertheless, presents an opportunity for China to take a leading role in fostering peace in the region and positioning itself as a regional leader.

    The Myanmar Ethnic Alliance emphasizes that a ceasefire is the sole factor preventing them from capturing additional towns, while the Junta will use this time to prepare for further battles. The realization of peace in Myanmar seems distant unless democracy is established or comprehensive support is garnered from the international community. While global interest in Myanmar appears limited, the imperative for Myanmar’s stability and prosperity lies in the establishment of peace. Despite the perceived limited impact of the current ceasefire on the conflict-ridden nation, it is now crucial to initiate further dialogues and actively pursue peace.

  • What will be the future of IKN after Jokowi?

    What will be the future of IKN after Jokowi?

    The initial phase of Indonesia’s ambitious new capital project is slated for completion this year, aiming to relocate the capital from Jakarta to Nusantara before the country’s Independence Day on August 17. Indonesia’s seismic decision to move its capital to Nusantara Capital City (Ibu Kota Nusantara, or IKN) has garnered global attention, marking a significant transformation in the nation’s infrastructure and economic landscape. Located in East Kalimantan with an estimated budget of approximately $35 billion, IKN is expected to span 2,560 sq. km., featuring hilly landscapes, forests, and a natural bay. The Indonesian government plans to relocate up to 1.9 million people to IKN by 2045, with some civil servants making the move as early as 2024.

    President Jokowi’s visionary initiative has faced its share of criticism since its announcement in 2019, with concerns ranging from insufficient public consultation and land disputes with indigenous communities to apprehensions about Chinese investment potentially turning Nusantara into a “New Beijing.” Observers caution against a more subtle concern—the undemocratic nature that the new capital, situated hundreds of miles away from Jakarta and intended to operate without elected local leaders, may bring to the forefront in the world’s third-largest democracy.

    With President Jokowi concluding his term in February, the question arises: will the transition to a new president be a seamless process, considering the departure of this populist leader?

    President Joko Widodo’s proposed new capital has become a pivotal policy consideration leading up to the 2024 elections in Indonesia. The Ibu Kota Negara Nusantara project (IKN), as officially named, seeks to establish a more centrally located hub for Indonesia, driving the nation’s economic transformation. President Jokowi has clarified that the goal is not to concentrate solely on Java but to prioritize Indonesia as a whole.

    The future of the project commands significant attention in the upcoming election, with Defense Minister Prabowo Subianto, the current leading candidate, and his vice-presidential running mate, Gibran Rakabuming Raka, underscoring their commitment to contributing to the development of the new capital city in their official vision and mission statement.

    Erwin Aksa, a representative of the Prabowo-Gibran ticket, envisions IKN hosting 1.9 million people by 2045, serving as the “soul” or “symbol” of a new Indonesia—a green, modern city and the focal point of a “new civilization.” Aksa highlights the integration of AI technology into IKN’s development. Ahmad Muzani, the secretary-general of Prabowo’s party Gerindra, reaffirms Prabowo’s unwavering commitment to advancing IKN’s development. Irwan Fecho, the official spokesperson for Prabowo’s Indonesia Maju coalition, anticipates practical aspects of IKN, including the completion of administrative offices like the presidential office, possibly as early as next year, under a Prabowo administration.

    Similarly, the former Central Java Governor Ganjar Pranowo, along with his vice-presidential running mate Mahfud MD, is wholeheartedly dedicated to expediting the IKN project—a stance aligned with Ganjar’s candidacy for the ruling Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle. Their official manifesto confirms their commitment to progressively develop IKN, envisioning it not only as a symbol of Indonesia’s future but also as a fresh starting point for equitable and balanced development.

    Tama S. Langkun, spokesperson for the Ganjar-Mahfud campaign, emphasizes the duo’s unwavering commitment to advancing the IKN plan, citing its constitutional foundation and support from eight political factions. He underscores Ganjar’s mission to double the state budget for increased infrastructure development funds and stresses the pivotal role of foreign investment in achieving these objectives. While the likelihood of this pair abandoning the IKN project is minimal, it remains not entirely impossible, as Mahfud remains open to discussions.

    Differing from his two rivals, the third presidential candidate, former Jakarta Governor Anies Baswedan, holds a distinct perspective on the IKN project. In a speech, Anies emphasized the significance of inclusive growth and balanced development for Indonesia, advocating for a decentralized approach that disperses development across multiple regions rather than concentrating it in one location.

    Thomas Lembong, spokesperson for Anies and his vice-presidential partner Muhaimin Iskandar, reiterated their unique stance on IKN in a recent statement. Lembong stressed that for equitable development, the focus should extend beyond Kalimantan to encompass the entirety of Indonesia. The Anies-Muhaimin team aims to foster development in at least 14 major cities nationwide. While Lembong did not outright reject the continuation of IKN, he stated that any decision would depend on data, facts, and research, shaped through collaboration and discussions with technocrats.

    Sulfikar Amir, serving as the campaign spokesperson, highlighted the high-risk nature of the IKN project, citing elements of uncertainty, vulnerability, and potential errors. He expressed concerns about the project’s substantial cost, cautioning that the initial 466 trillion rupiah price tag could potentially double or triple by the project’s completion. Amir emphasized the need for technocratic assessments to determine the viability of continuing IKN, stating that it doesn’t necessarily have to be completed entirely or abruptly abandoned.

    Under a potential Anies presidency, the likelihood of abandoning the IKN project appears substantial, whether the departure occurs abruptly or gradually. In discussions with young voters, Anies consistently emphasizes alternative priorities, and notably, the Anies-Muhaimin manifesto lacks any emphasis on the continuation of IKN. There is a significant probability that IKN will be abandoned, and under Anies-Muhaimin’s leadership, the government is poised to pursue the implementation of their own 14-city development plan.

    A big infrastructure project can turn out either as a waste of money or a major economic boost. Getting enough investment for the “new Indonesia” is tough, so the IKN project depends a lot on government support. That’s why every upcoming election and change in government are super important for the project to succeed. When it comes to large-scale projects like Nusantra, they have a big impact on politicians and the country’s money situation. In a country like Indonesia, where big business plays a significant role, the chances of the Nusantara project moving forward instead of being abandoned are quite high.

  • Indonesia’s Rohingya Problem: An Analysis

    Indonesia’s Rohingya Problem: An Analysis

    Indonesia, with around a population of 280 million, stands as the world’s fourth most populated country and holds the largest Muslim population globally. The nation consistently takes a clear stance on issues within the Islamic world, drawing both congratulations and comments from online communities. Some applaud Indonesia for making more efforts for Gaza Muslims than even Saudi Arabia, the country’s alleged increase in Islamic fundamentalism, causing concerns that reverberate beyond its borders, notably affecting Bangladesh and India, particularly in the context of the Rohingya crisis.

    In early December, a poignant scene unfolded in Aceh province, Indonesia, as hundreds of Rohingya refugees walked along the shore, guided solely by the faint glow of lights in a nearby village. Having faced rejection in one area of Aceh after a perilous boat journey, they sought refuge elsewhere. Aceh, a semi-autonomous Indonesian province marked by an increased influence of Islamic rule, was once known for welcoming Rohingya refugees escaping persecution in Myanmar or the harsh conditions in refugee camps in Bangladesh, where approximately one million Rohingya currently reside. In the past, local fishers would guide stranded boats to safety, and villagers would wade into the waters to rescue the exhausted refugees.

    In recent months, there has been a shift in sentiments. Local residents have gathered to protest against boat landings, expressing concerns that their resources are stretched too thin to accommodate new arrivals. Calls have been made for humanitarian groups to vacate the area.

    A significant number of Indonesian students, donning green jackets, forcefully entered a convention center in Banda Aceh, where hundreds of Rohingya refugees from Myanmar were housed. According to Reuters footage, the students accessed the building’s large basement area, where Rohingya men, women, and children were seated on the floor, visibly distressed. Subsequently, the Rohingya were escorted out, some carrying their belongings in plastic sacks, and transported via trucks while the protesters observed.

    The refugees were relocated to a government building, where protesters insisted on their removal. The UN refugee agency, UNHCR, attributed the incident to “a coordinated online campaign of misinformation, disinformation, and hate speech against refugees.”

    Social media platforms, particularly TikTok, became breeding grounds for misleading or false reports and inflammatory language. One widely shared post on TikTok likened the Rohingya’s arrival in Aceh to Israel’s occupation of Palestinian territories. The commentator claimed that Rohingyas were determined to settle in Indonesia permanently, alleging complaints about and rejection of the provided food. The commentator derogatorily referred to them as parasites,” garnering nearly 200,000 likes.

    Another post alleged that an unspecified Myanmar leader had made derogatory remarks about Rohingya people, stating that they are difficult to control, live uncleanly, defecate anywhere, are lazy, eat excessively, and marry multiple times.

    The local official in Aceh clarified that there had been no criminal activity by Rohingya in his village. The only incident he could recall involved refugees taking coconuts from villagers’ trees due to hunger. This was settled amicably and did not recur.

    In December, Indonesia’s President Joko Widodo announced the provision of temporary humanitarian aid to the Rohingya while prioritizing local residents. He expressed suspicion that human trafficking might be behind the increase in arrivals.

    Azharul Husna, coordinator of the Aceh chapter of the NGO Commission for Missing Persons and Victims of Violence, notes that the current level of hostility towards the Rohingya is unprecedented since their first arrival in the province in 2009. While small-scale protests occurred in 2021 and 2022 due to disagreements over where refugees should stay, ongoing talks and engagement had previously eased tensions. However, misinformation and negative portrayals of refugees on social media have now divided locals, leading to larger protests. While NGOs and humanitarian organizations had previously dedicated funding to support Rohingya refugees in Aceh, resources are now more limited.

    The challenges faced by Indonesia are similar to those in Bangladesh and India. There is sympathy for the tragic plight of women and children, anger towards Myanmar’s actions, but a common challenge is dealing with an overwhelming population and the inability to rapidly accommodate a large influx. Additionally, being democratic nations and heavy users of social media, they grapple with widespread misinformation campaigns. Addressing these issues becomes both a domestic and international political imperative for Indonesia.

  • Anwar Calls Mahathir’s Comments on Malaysian Indians ‘Unacceptable’

    Anwar Calls Mahathir’s Comments on Malaysian Indians ‘Unacceptable’

    Ruling a multi-ethnic nation within a democratic system presents undeniable challenges, yet Malaysia distinguishes itself with diverse communities harmoniously coexisting. The nation’s demographics reflect a myriad of ethnic groups, with the majority hailing from Austronesian origin, primarily Malays. Significantly, substantial contributions from Chinese and Indian minorities enrich Malaysia’s cultural diversity. The country has realized noteworthy economic and welfare advancements through the integration of various ethnicities. Nevertheless, the political landscape remains confronted by challenges, especially in addressing racial comments.

    A recent incident involved former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, who made a controversial statement during an interview with an Indian television channel, Thanthi TV. Dr. Mahathir alleged that the Indian and Chinese communities in Malaysia do not fully embrace Malaysian identity, suggesting that their loyalty lies with their countries of origin. Furthermore, he advocated for non-Malays to assimilate and “become Malay.” These remarks sparked criticism from various leaders who condemned them as racist.

    In the past months, Dr. Mahathir has consistently advocated for assimilating minorities to create a monoethnic Malaysia. His alignment with Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia (Putra), led by Datuk Ibrahim Ali, signals his support for the Malay supremacist group Perkasa. This development has intensified the debate on the path Malaysia should take regarding its diverse cultural landscape.

    The recent racist remarks made by Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad against the Indian community in Malaysia have drawn criticism from Prime Minister Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim, who described them as irresponsible and irrelevant. The finance minister, Anwar, emphasized the value of appreciating and accepting every Malaysian for who they are, regardless of their origins. Given that Dr. Mahathir was a former prime minister, he thought that Dr. Mahathir’s statement was improper. Anwar brought up the fact that Mahathir has a history of disparaging remarks about different ethnicities, such as calling Chinese and Indians less devoted and Malays are lazy, without him. Anwar voiced his strong opposition to Mahathir’s remarks, claiming that they were a calculated attempt to deflect attention away from important matters.

    Voon Lee Shan, president of Parti Bumi Kenyalang, emphasized the importance of acknowledging the contributions made by ethnic Chinese and Indians in areas like the economy and education. Voon emphasized that these groups, together with Malaysians of other ethnic backgrounds, were essential to the development of the country’s economy. Furthermore, he pointed out that a large number of Chinese and Indian people succeeded financially without receiving a lot of help from the government and then gave back to society by paying taxes; there are no examples of these communities’ personalities being investigated or prosecuted in Malaysia for tax evasion. 

    Minister for National Unity Datuk Aaron Ago Dagang conveyed his dissatisfaction with Dr. Mahathir’s remarks, stressing that the veteran lawmaker ought to act as an example of harmony instead of inciting conflict. In his remarks, Mahathir claimed that “Indian society in Malaysia is still not completely loyal to this country because they identify with their country of origin.” Dagang denounced this claim. The method of national integration, not assimilation, has been ingrained in the nation’s ideals for 60 years, Dagang emphasized, and Malaysia gained independence through a social contract. He underlined that Malaysians adopt this strategy as a way of life. 

    Speaking in their mother tongues and engaging in their own cultures should not be grounds for questioning the loyalty of the Indian and Chinese minorities, according to Digital Minister Gobind Singh Deo. Deo reminded Mahathir that Malaysians of all races have made substantial contributions to the country’s development and begged him to desist from making inflammatory remarks. He cited the clear statement in the Federal Constitution that discrimination on the grounds of gender, race, place of birth, religion, or descent is forbidden unless otherwise permitted. 

    Former Klang MP Charles Santiago criticized Mahathir’s remarks, labelling them as “venom” and called for action against him for making potentially harmful and divisive statements in the multicultural society of Malaysia. Santiago argued that Mahathir’s encouragement of bigotry and hate goes against the principles of unity, undermining any positive contributions he may have made to the country.

    Former DAP MP Kasthuri Patto expressed her disagreement with Dr. Mahathir’s comments, asserting that he should be the last person to speak about loyalty. Thiban Subbramaniam, the PKR chief in Kuala Selangor, filed a police report against Mahathir, accusing him of making inflammatory statements against the Chinese and Indian communities. Subbramaniam expressed confidence in the police taking necessary action on issues related to race, religion, and royalty (3R).

    Amira Aisya Abd Aziz, Acting Muda president, called for an apology from the former premier, stating that Mahathir’s remarks put Malaysian-Indians in the position of having to defend themselves against prejudicial comments. Amira emphasized the loyalty of Malaysians to their country and rejected accusations and belittlement based on loyalty.

    In contrast, Malay Proclamation Secretariat chairman Khairuddin Abu Hassan defended Mahathir, asserting that he had been misunderstood. Khairuddin urged people to understand Mahathir’s statement in both explicit and implicit ways and cautioned against twisting his words out of context to sensationalize news that could fuel racial tensions. Khairuddin highlighted Mahathir’s advice to Malays not to be envious of other races and encouraged them to work consistently to regain the dignity of the people.

    In light of the increasing prevalence of far-right politics and ethnic tensions worldwide, Mahathir’s statement underscores the necessity for heightened regulation of racial slurs, especially in today’s era of unpredictable social media dynamics. For a nation that prides itself on its multi-ethnic culture, Mahathir’s remark is undeniably regrettable and deemed unacceptable.

  • Navigating Diplomacy: Marcos and Widodo Collaborate in the South China Sea

    Navigating Diplomacy: Marcos and Widodo Collaborate in the South China Sea

    During a recent meeting in Manila, Presidents Ferdinand Marcos Jr. of the Philippines and Joko Widodo of Indonesia engaged in discussions concerning the latest developments in the South China Sea and strategies for enhancing regional cooperation. Given that both nations are archipelagos with numerous islands in the South China Sea, they play pivotal roles in managing tensions in the region.

    Following their bilateral meeting, Marcos characterised the discussions as “fruitful and honest,” underscoring the significance of regional developments, particularly the evolving scenario in the South China Sea. The heightened focus is seen as imperative to foster unity among nations and establish a collective front for negotiations and defence against China’s territorial claims.

    Indonesia’s Foreign Minister, Retno Marsudi, expressed her government’s willingness to collaborate with other Southeast Asian countries in finalizing the long-awaited code of conduct for the South China Sea. Retno stated, “On the South China Sea, Indonesia is prepared to work together with all ASEAN member states, including the Philippines, to expedite the finalization of the Code of Conduct.” This commitment is made in consideration of the overlapping claims with China by several neighboring nations, including Indonesia.

    With the primary goal of fostering stability in the region, there is a strong emphasis on addressing conflicts in the South China Sea through diplomatic means, as highlighted by the collaborative endeavor to establish a Code of Conduct. The effort involves China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), which have long sought to create a framework for negotiating the code of conduct—a concept initially proposed in 2002. Despite assurances from all parties to accelerate and expedite the process, progress has been notably slow.

    The “nine-dash line,” which China uses to demarcate its territorial claims on maps, encroaches on the exclusive economic zones of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam and stretches up to 1,500 km (900 miles) south of the Chinese mainland. There are still worries that China’s influence and interests in the region could cause conflicts among Southeast Asian countries, even after a 2016 international arbitral tribunal ruling invalidated most of China’s claims—a decision Beijing rejected. President Marcos addressed the need for more collaboration among ASEAN members, emphasizing that Indonesia and the Philippines both reaffirmed their adherence to the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The legal foundation guiding all activity in seas and oceans is UNCLOS. 

    The necessity of bolstering cohesion and centrality within the Southeast Asian bloc was underscored by President Widodo. He said, “[We also agreed] for ASEAN to continue upholding the principles of international law and serving as a positive force for peace, stability, and prosperity.” Both presidents pushed for calm communication between all sides in the South China Sea in reaction to the increased tensions there, which were reported by the foreign ministers of ASEAN last month. Increased marine encounters in the disputed waterway have been a sign of the Philippines and China’s rising tensions in recent months. In light of conflicting territorial claims, maintaining regional security is complicated and difficult, as seen by the urgent need for diplomatic solutions. 

    Additionally, Manila and Jakarta decided to strengthen their border security cooperation. This cooperative endeavor entails hastening the rewrite of border patrol agreements and initiating talks to establish continental boundaries. The stability and security of the area are strengthened by this commitment.

    Although there have been territorial disputes in the South China Sea for millennia, there has been an increase in tension in recent years due to different geopolitical developments, Taiwan’s elections, and the United States’ deteriorating international ties. Southeast Asian countries’ ability to work together and overcome these obstacles will determine how this area and the world order develop in the future. 

  • Political Succession: Analyzing Prabowo’s Election Bid in Indonesia

    Political Succession: Analyzing Prabowo’s Election Bid in Indonesia

    Prabowo, the former son-in-law of the late dictator Suharto, is currently on the path to secure the presidency in Indonesia. He has gained popularity among young voters by utilizing his Instagram presence to project a charming, soft, and humorous personality. Despite Prabowo’s contentious history as a former general dismissed from the military amid allegations of kidnapping and torture, the majority of the public appears indifferent to these issues.

    Indonesian President Joko Widodo is set to follow Suharto’s example by seeking to establish his own political dynasty in Indonesia through democratic means. According to reports from Indonesian media, Prabowo, supported by the eldest son of the current president, Joko Widodo, is taking the lead in election campaigns in Indonesia.

    Indonesia has a history of influential political families. During President Suharto’s 32-year rule, his eldest daughter held a cabinet minister position. Megawati Sukarnoputri, the daughter of Indonesia’s first president Sukarno, not only served as president but also leads the largest party in parliament, while her daughter holds the position of speaker of the house. Much like the Nehru Family in India, the Sukarno family has consistently played a role in the administration of Indonesia, either in the public eye or behind the scenes.

    In addition to the Sukarno family legacy, President Widodo is now in the process of establishing his own political dynasty. His youngest son, Kaesang Pangarep, assumed leadership of the Indonesian Solidarity Party (PSI) last month, shortly after joining the party. Meanwhile, his son-in-law serves as the mayor of Medan, and his eldest son, Gibran Rakabuming Raka, currently the mayor of Solo, is now a candidate for vice president. Despite controversies surrounding their alliance, such as a constitutional court ruling that created an exception to age restrictions for Gibran, concerns about dynasty-building do not appear to have adversely affected their performance in polling.

    In spite of his controversial past, Prabowo, in collaboration with the eldest son of the outgoing president, Joko Widodo, is emerging as the leading candidate in pre-election surveys for the upcoming vote in Indonesia, the world’s third-largest democracy. Analysts predict that this election may further cement entrenched political dynasties, with social media playing a crucial role as the primary battleground for candidates.

    Prabowo is actively pursuing a significant rebranding effort. Formerly known as the son-in-law of the late dictator Suharto, he faced allegations of involvement in the kidnapping and torture of pro-democracy activists in the late 1990s, along with implications in human rights abuses in Papua and East Timor. Despite a prior travel ban to the US, which was lifted after he assumed the role of defence secretary in 2019, Prabowo consistently denies any wrongdoing and has never been formally charged in connection to these allegations. Presently, he is showcasing a more playful side, engaging in hip-wiggling and arm-waving – actions that have gained popularity on TikTok, where users affectionately refer to him as “Gemoy,” meaning cute. On Instagram, his account features moments of him cuddling and kissing his cat, complemented by poses of him making heart gestures. Supporters even proudly wear hoodies adorned with a charming cartoon representation of the politician.

    Prabowo has committed to maintaining the policies of Jokowi, including the development of Nusantara, a new capital city on Borneo. His assurances encompass initiatives such as providing free lunches and milk for schoolchildren from preschool to senior high, along with pregnant women. Additionally, he vows to eliminate extreme poverty within a span of two years.

    Running against Prabowo are former Jakarta governor Anies Baswedan and former provincial governor Ganjar Pranowo. Some voters express concerns about Anies’ past campaign tactics during the 2017 Jakarta governor race, accusing him of accommodating Islamists to defeat his rival, a Christian from the ethnic Chinese minority—allegations he denies. At 55, Ganjar commits to reviewing a controversial job creation law enacted under Jokowi, criticized for undermining workers’ rights and environmental protections. While avoiding criticism of the president’s economic policies, Ganjar has faced controversies in his role as provincial governor, including disputes over a mine development in Central Java that drew criticism from villagers and activists.

    Like many other Asian democracies, Indonesia is influenced by political dynasties. In the current trend, Sukarno’s son and Widodo’s son are positioned to lead the nation. The election on February 14th is not anticipated to bring about any surprises, as people align themselves with the social media branding of Prabowo. Moreover, the notion that “political dynasties are an established reality that must be adhered to and accepted” is deeply embedded in the public mindset.